пятница, 19 сентября 2014 г.

Импорт контактов из csv в Active Directory при помощи powershell

Use PowerShell to Read a CSV file and Create Active Directory User Accounts
Summary: Learn how to use Windows PowerShell to read a CSV file and to create new user accounts in Active Directory.

“Well you remember you used Export-CSV to pull the data out? There is another cmdlet called Import-CSVto read the data. To read your data, we just type in…”
IMPORT-CSV C:\Imports\Users.csv
Mr. Finch was impressed as he watched all the data flow by from his file. That part was remarkably easy.
“And now we’ll show you how to step through that information. We’ll store it all away in a Windows PowerShell variable called $UserList like this:”
$UserList=IMPORT-CSV C:\Imports\Users.csv
Mr. Finch was puzzled for a moment. “I’m a little confused. How can a Windows PowerShell variable hold something as simple as a First name or as complex as that entire list with no changes?”
Boo Blue stepped in. “That’s because all information in Windows PowerShell is an object. To you, you just saw the name—but to Windows PowerShell, it was an object that had not only a length, but content and methods available to it. Windows PowerShell doesn’t care about what an object has, just that everything is an object. Do not worry too much about them now. My head spun around about three times when I first tried to think too hard about an object.”
Mr. Finch nodded. After he learned how to import the users, he would look deeper into this whole “object” thing.
“So!” Lou popped in “We have your entire file in the Windows PowerShell variable $UserList. If we wish to step through this list, we simply use the ForEach-Object cmdlet. There are two ways that we can do this. One is to pipe the information directly into ForEach-Object like this:
$USERLIST | FOREACH-OBJECT { $_ }
“This will echo each entry in the list to the screen.”
“So what is that funny Windows PowerShell variable? The one with the underscore for a name?”
“AhHa! Glad you caught that!” piped up Boo. “That’s one of the many built in automatic variables that Windows PowerShell has. It contains the current object in the pipeline. As we stepped through the information in $UserList, this holds the entire content of that line. Or we can do it this way:
FOREACH ($Person in $UserList) { $ Person }
“In the second instance (using the $Person in $UserList setup), the variable $Person replaces the automatic variable, and it gives us something far more readable. Both work equally well, but I prefer the latter for readability. So if you’d like to access each entry in the list, we reference the names of the columns in your CSV file like this:”
FOREACH ($Person in $UserList) {
$Person.FirstName
$Person.LastName
}
As he watched the names roll by, Mr. Finch commented “I noticed that you moved the parentheses apart. Can they be on different lines?”
Boo jumped in, “Yes, they can sir. The Windows PowerShell parser looks for certain characters to tell it where the beginning and ending of a script block is. When it sees the first parentheses, it says ‘AhHa! Code is starting here!’ and it presumes that everything is code until it finds the opposite parentheses.”
“Ahhhhh….” Mr. Finch suddenly lit up like a light bulb. “Hey! Does that mean I can work with this variable the same way Sue Blue showed me? For building names?” He quickly grabbed the script Sue had him save and opened its content.
$Firstname=’Mister’
$Lastname=’Finch’
$Username=$Firstname+$Lastname.substring(0,1)
$Username
“So if I put these changes into your Windows Powershell script block like this…”
FOREACH ($Person in $UserList) {
$Person.FirstName
$Person.LastName
$Username=$Person.Firstname+$Person.Lastname.substring(0,1)
$Username
}
As he ran the script and he saw the names and account names flow down the screen, Mr. Finch felt a revelation. “Scripting really isn’t all that hard! So if this is all we need to do to get the names, how do we create a new user? I remember reading up on using New-QADUser. I got help by using the following script:”
GET-HELP NEW-QADUSER –examples
“…and when I ran it using this command line…”
NEW-QADUSER –firstname John –lastname Smith –userpassword ‘TempPass1’ –ParentContainer ‘Blueville.local/Division/Contoso’
“I found information like the SamAccountName and my UserPrincipalName weren’t there. Did I do something wrong?”
“Nope, you just needed to give it a little more information. You have to build your UPN for the Quest cmdlet. It will typically be in the format of username@domain.local. To find the @domain.local for your system, pull up an existing user account and look for the part after @. When you have that, you can modify your script to do the work for you.
I know that our domain is@blueville.local, so to have the script do that work, we make this change. Then we run the New-QADUser cmdlet with the proper parameter. Your entire script with the original import added would look like this.”
# Import list of Users From CSV into $Userlist
$UserList=IMPORT-CSV C:\Imports\Users.csv
# Step through Each Item in the List
FOREACH ($Person in $UserList) {
# Build Username from First name and Last Initial
$Username=$Person.Firstname+$Person.Lastname.substring(0,1)
# Put our Domain name into a Placeholder, who wants all that typing?
$Domain=’@blueville.local’
# Build the User Principal Name Username with Domain added to it
$UPN=$Username+$Domain
# Create the Displayname
$Name=$Person.Firstname+” “+$Person.Lastname
# Create User in Active Directory
NEW-QADUSER –FirstName $Person.Firstname –Lastname $Person.Lastname –Name $DisplayName $Name –SamAccountName $Username –UserPassword ‘1NewPassword’ –UserPrincipalName $UPN –Name $Name –ParentContainer ‘Blueville.local/Division/Contoso’
}
“Let’s save this as a new script called IMPORTNEWBLUE.PS1. Also, if you notice, there are a lot of lines in the script that start with a hash character. Those are all comments to help us remember why and how we did what we did. To execute the script, we just run it as.”
/IMPORTNEWBLUE.PS1
Mr. Finch watched the console. The list of all the staff was being effortlessly imported into the system. A large smile beamed across his face. “Scripting is coooooooolllll!” A puddle of drool formed from his mouth.
Lou and Boo looked at each other and smiled. The power of PowerShell was already flowing into Mr. Finch, his teeth were turning blue. His eyes were lit up like theirs.
“WooHoo! Thank you Lou and Boo,” he burst out, patting each on the back. “Now I can’t WAIT to get back to work! You’ve saved me hours of time!”
Mr. Finch spun about and danced out the door skidding across the hall towards his office.
“Look out world here I come!”
What a shout and a hoot came about in the air,
Mr. Finch full of joy and he hadn’t care.
For so much work in such simple way
He just couldn’t wait for PowerShell next day.
That is all for Part 4. Please join us tomorrow for the finale at Blueville.
I invite you to follow me on Twitter and Facebook. If you have any questions, send email to me at scripter@microsoft.com, or post your questions on the Official Scripting Guys Forum. See you tomorrow. Until then, peace.

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